First the ten tribes of the Northern Kingdom know as Israel. Then the three tribes that made up the Kingdom of Judah would be destroyed and removed from the land.

Moses predicted that the second dispersion would be much more severe and extensive than the first under Assyria and Babylon.

He predicted, “Then the Lord will scatter you among all peoples, from one end of the earth to the other, and there you shall serve other gods, which neither you nor your fathers have known—wood and stone. And among those nations you shall find no rest, nor shall the sole of your foot have a resting place; but there the Lord will give you a trembling heart, failing eyes, and anguish of soul. Your life shall hang in doubt before you; you shall fear day and night, and have no assurance of life.” (Deut. 28:64-66 NKJ)

This began to be literally fulfilled in 70AD by Titus and the Roman Tenth Legion. He destroyed the city of Jerusalem with the Temple. He scattered the survivors into a worldwide dispersion that continued unabated until May 14, 1948.

But the same God that predicted Israel’s destruction and dispersion also predicted its return and eventual acceptance into His unconditional covenants.

This is a point that a system of Theology in the Church today known as “the Preterists” or “Dominionists” deliberately overlook and allegorize.

They take very literally the predictions of Israel’s rejection and destruction – but allegorize those that promise their restoration and acceptance as a distinct people and nation.

This group believes that all of God’s promises made to the literal descendants of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were taken away when they rejected Jesus as Messiah. They believe that they were then given to the Church, which is “spiritual Israel.”
If this is so, then God is a liar, which is impossible.

God reconfirms His covenants with Israel through Jeremiah, “Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah—not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant which they broke, though I was a husband to them, says the Lord. But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord: I will put My law in their minds, and write it on their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people. No more shall every man teach his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, ‘Know the Lord,’ for they all shall know Me, from the least of them to the greatest of them, says the Lord. For I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin I will remember no more.” (Jeremiah 31:31-33 NKJ)

This is the New Covenant promised to Israel AFTER they break the first one—the Mosaic Covenant, which was conditional.

Then the LORD confirms His unconditional covenants with the SEED of ISRAEL, “Thus says the Lord, Who gives the sun for a light by day, The ordinances of the moon and the stars for a light by night, Who disturbs the sea, And its waves roar (The Lord of hosts is His name): If those ordinances depart From before Me, says the Lord, Then the seed of Israel shall also cease From being a nation before Me forever. Thus says the Lord: ‘If heaven above can be measured, And the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, I will also cast off all the seed of Israel For all that they have done, says the Lord.’” (Jeremiah 31:35-37 NKJ)

Note that this promise is specifically made to the SEED of Israel. It promises that they will never be cast off from being a nation. And this is made despite the fact God forsees their deeds, for He says, “… for all they have done …” God specifically says that their sin cannot nullify His covenants.

Ezekiel also emphasizes this when he predicts Israel’s restoration to the land in the last days, “Therefore say to the house of Israel, Thus says the Lord God: ‘I do not do this for your sake, O house of Israel, but for My holy name’s sake, which you have profaned among the nations wherever you went. And I will sanctify My great name, which has been profaned among the nations, which you have profaned in their midst; and the nations shall know that I am the Lord,’ says the Lord God, ‘when I am hallowed in you before their eyes. For I will take you from among the nations, gather you out of all countries, and bring you into your own land. Then I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you shall be clean; I will cleanse you from all your filthiness and from all your idols. I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit within you; I will take the heart of stone out of your flesh and give you a heart of flesh. I will put My Spirit within you and cause you to walk in My statutes, and you will keep My judgments and do them. Then you shall dwell in the land that I gave to your fathers; you shall be My people, and I will be your God.” (Ezekiel 36:22-28 NKJ)

In this great prophecy, God emphasizes that His reason for restoring the People of Israel as a nation in their ancient land is not because they deserve it, but in spite of the fact that they don’t deserve it. He does so for the honor of His great name. He must keep His solemn covenants made to their fathers. He will then change their hearts.

How will this happen? Zechariah foresaw how it would happen, “And I will pour on the house of David and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem the Spirit of grace and supplication; then they will look on Me whom they pierced. Yes, they will mourn for Him as one mourns for his only son, and grieve for Him as one grieves for a firstborn.” (Zech.12:10 NKJ)